DIRECTIONS:

1. Select a new page in your Spiral lab notebook.

2. Press hard (with a blue or black pen only – NO PENCIL OR FELT TIPPED PEN) when writing in your Spiral lab manual.

3. Fill in the top portion of the first page only. Take the following steps:

step 1 – print your last name followed by printing your first name in the box entitled NAME;

step 2- Place the name Honors Chemistry Chapter 13 Overview in the box entitled EXPERIMENT/SUBJECT; step 3 – leave EXP NUMBER blank; step 4 – Place the due date 15 February 2008 in the box entitled DATE; step 5 – leave LAB PARTNER and LOCKER/DESK NO. blank; step 6 – place Honors Chemistry period ___, what number? ___ (press hard) in the box labeled COURSE AND SECTION NO.

4. Read Chapter 12 and summarize what you read using this outline as a guide.

5. Chapter 12 Overview is due: FRIDAY 15 February 2008

· REMINDER – GRADING SYLLABUS: BASED UPON CLARITY AND NEATNESS

1. A = THREE PAGES

2. B = TWO PAGES

3. C = ONE PAGE

*********************** CHAPTER 12 OUTLINE ***********************

· ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

- MEASURED IN BAROMETRIC PRESSURE.

- UNITS OF PRESSURE INCLUDE mm Hg(torr), atmospheres and pascals(the SI unit)

· GAS LAWS

- BOYLE’S LAW STATEES THAT THE VOLUME OF A GIVEN AMOI=UNT OF GAS IS INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL TO ITS PRESSURE AT STP( STANDARD TEMPERATURE [O^OC] AND PRESSSURE [ 1 ATM]

- CHARLE’S LAW STATES THAT FOR A GIVEEN AMOUNT OF GAS AT CONSTANT PRESSURE, THE VOLUME IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE TEMPERATURE (IN KELVIN).

- GAY-LUSSAC’S LAW DEALS WITH DIRECT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE.

- AVOGADRO’S LAW STATES THAT FOR A GAS AT CONSTANT TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE, THE VOLUME IS DIRECTLY PROPORTINAL TO THE NUMBER OF MOLES.

- GENERAL GAS LAW IS A COMBINATION OF BOYLE’S, CHARLE’S AND GAY – LUSSAC’S LAW IN THE FORMULA: P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

T₁ T₂

WHEREBY P₁ = INITIAL PRESSURE, P₂ = FINAL PRESSURE, T₁ = INITIAL TEMPERATURE,

T₂ = FINAL TEMPERATURE, V₁ = INITIAL VOLUME, AND V₂ = FINAL VOLUME.

- THE IDEAL GAS LAW IS A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN P, V, n, AND T. THE FORMULA IS PV = nRT.

R IS THE UNIVERSAL GAS CONSTANT AND ITS UNITS ARE: 0.0206 L . atm

mol . K.

- DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURE STATES THAT THE TOTAL PRESSURE OF A MIXTURE OF GASES IN A CONTAINER IS THE SUM OF THE PARTIAL PRESSURE OF THE GASES THAT MAKE UP THE MIXTURE. DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURES STATES THE TOTAL PRESSURE OF A MIXTURE OF A MIXTURE OF GASES IS EQUAL TO THE SUM OF THE INDIVIDUAL (PARTIAL) PRESSURES OF THE GASES: P_TOTAL = P₁ + P₂ + P₃ + P₄ + ETC.

· KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY OF GASES

- KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY (KMT) OF GASES IS A MODEL THAT ACCOUNTS FOR IDEAL GAS BEHAVIOR.

- THE MODEL ASSUMES THAT A GAS CONSISTS OF TINY PARTICLES WITH NEGLIGIBLE VOLUME, THAT THERE ARE NO INTERACTIONS AMONG PARTICLES, AND THAT THE PARTICLES ARE IN CONSTANT MOTION, COLLIDING WITH THE CONTAINER TO PRODUCE PRESSURE.