ࡱ> 241` jbjb $&|c|c....... & >>>>>>>>RTTTTTT,Rr.>>>>>R..>>RRR> .>.>RRBD,....>RRR..R2 H RR0RURURR.VVChris Brown American History 7 Period 2 Final draft July 7, 2005 Taxation from the British Parliament led the colonists to create a representative government separating the British from the colonists. The Englishmen felt that they needed a representative government because they had to take control. Thomas Jefferson and James Madison first realized representative government. They need to debate issues and make laws concerning the British. British Parliament was made up of two houses Members of the House of Commons and Members of the House of Lords. The people elected the House of Commons while the House of Lords were nonelected nobles, judges and church officials. Since King George III and British Parliament were to far away from the thirteen colonies they put similar assemblies from the House of Commons in the thirteen colonies called the House of Burgesses. Even though the colonists governed themselves the British Parliament had the authority. The House of Burgesses is really the House of Commons in the thirteen colonies. The colonists debated if the British Parliament should have control over Britain or control of thirteen colonies. Anne if there was too much control over the colonies. The British kept control of the colonies by having a Royal Governor appointed by the King. The Royal Governor controlled colonial trade, had approval on laws, and could dismiss assembly. But the Royal Governor could not do it by himself so he elected a council. The council was an advisory board to the governor and they acted as the highest court in each colony. And there is a colonial assembly. They made laws, had authority on tax and paid the royal governors salary. While the Royal Governor elected the Council the colonists elected the Colonial Assembly. The Colonial Assembly had the right to pay the governor, so if the governor blocked the Colonial they might refuse to pay the Royal Governor. The French and Indian War played a key role in the American Revolution. British fur traders moved to the Ohio River Valley. The British land companies were also planning to settle colonists there. So Franc claimed war on England in 1689. With Frenchs Native American allies the war was soon called the French and Indian War. The British fur traders left and the French built forts to protect their region connecting their Canadian and Louisiana settlements. War began and in 1757 Britain attacked at Frances capital Quebec. The French commander Montreal died defending Quebec. The Battle of Quebec was the turning point of the French and Indian War. Soon Britain wrote the Treaty of Paris, which claimed all of North America east of the Mississippi River. But there was a problem with the French and Indian War. It put the British in massive debt. Britain later placed Acts in order to pay off the debt. Placing Acts on the colonies angered colonists who started to revolt. In 1764 Parliament placed the Sugar Act and the Currency Act. The Sugar Act was a tax on sugar and molasses while the Currency Act prohibited the American colonies from issuing their own currency. In 1765 Parliament placed the Quartering Act that made colonists quarter British soldiers and provide them with supplies. Also in that same year the Stamp Act was placed, which required all legal and commercial documents to carry an official stamp showing their tax had been paid. But with these taxes, there were rebellions. In 1765 the colonists organized Colonial Protest. They made a secret committee called the Sons of Liberty, which organized rebellions. Also colonists resist the Quartering Act in New York. In 1776 Parliament repealed the Stamp Act. In 1767 Parliament passed the Townshed Acts that were a series of laws that suspended New Yorks assembly and established taxes on goods brought into the British colonies. In 1770 there was a fight between citizens and British troops in New York. And on March 5, British troops open fired on the colonists killing three Americans and wounded two. Samuel Adams angry with the British designed a committee called the Committees of Correspondence. In 1773 the passed the Tea Act, which placed a tax on the thirteen colonies favorite beverage. So the colonists disguised themselves as the Mohawk Indians and dumped 342 chests of British Tea in the Boston Harbor. This was called the Boston Tea Party. In the next year colonists had to deal with Coercive Acts which were a series of laws to punish Massachusetts colonists for the Boston Tea Party. Continental Congress helped ban the British from the colonies. In September 1774 delegates from the colonies except Georgia met in Philadelphia to vote on banning the British. Banning them will help the colonists keep control. On May 10, the Second Continental Congress began including John Adams, Samuel Adams, John Hancock, Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, and Patrick Henry. The Continental Congress agreed that they needed a Continental Army. They put George Washington in charge of the new army. On June 7, Richard Henry Lee introduced a key resolution. It called the colonies independent and free states. Congress thought about this resolution, later they made their own committee and elected the writer Thomas Jefferson. This committee included Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Roger Sherman, Robert Livingston and Thomas Jefferson. They all realized that if they had lost the war they would be killed for treason. When Thomas finished July 2, 1776 they called it the Declaration of Independence. Two days later on July 4, 1776 Congress adopted the document and declared themselves Independent. The Liberty Bell was run to announce the first public reading of the Declaration of Independence in Philadelphia on July 8, 1776. The American Revolution was not just a war but also a change in ideas about government. Before the war, Americans had demanded their rights as English citizens. But after declaring their Independence the replaced that goal with the idea of republicanism. This idea stated that instead of a king, the people would rule. 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