Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the
statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The electromagnetic spectrum is
a. | all of the colors of light you can see with your eyes. | b. | all of the different
types of electromagnetic waves. | c. | a band of colors formed when white light passes
through a prism. | d. | the distance between the crest of one wave and the crest of the next
wave. |
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2.
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Both reflecting and refracting telescopes are designed to
a. | break visible light into colors of the spectrum. | b. | separate visible
light from ultraviolet and radio waves. | c. | gather and focus visible
light. | d. | work better with short-wavelength radiation. |
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3.
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Spectrographs help astronomers determine the
a. | position of a star in the sky. | b. | temperature of a star. | c. | distance to a
star. | d. | diameter of a star. |
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4.
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A light-year is
a. | 365 days. | b. | the distance light travels in a
year. | c. | the distance from Earth to Proxima Centauri. | d. | the amount of light
the sun produces in a year. |
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5.
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A supernova is the explosion of a dying
a. | medium-sized star. | b. | giant or supergiant star. | c. | protostar. | d. | nebula. |
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6.
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More than half of all stars are members of groups of two or more stars
called
a. | galaxies. | b. | eclipsing binaries. | c. | star
systems. | d. | star clusters. |
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7.
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The brightness of a star depends on its
a. | distance and temperature. | b. | size and temperature. | c. | color and
temperature. | d. | distance and color. |
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8.
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The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram shows that main sequence stars
a. | are mostly hot and dim. | b. | are mostly cool and bright. | c. | increase in
brightness as they increase in temperature. | d. | decrease in brightness as they increase in
temperature. |
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9.
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Black holes form from stars that
a. | collapse extremely fast. | b. | lose all their gravitational
attraction. | c. | were more than 40 times the mass of the sun. | d. | had first turned
into white dwarfs. |
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10.
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Stars are classified according to their
a. | distance, size, and color. | b. | size, distance, and
brightness. | c. | color, brightness, and temperature. | d. | size, brightness, and
temperature. |
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11.
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A star is born when
a. | a nebula expands. | b. | helium and oxygen combine. | c. | nuclear fusion
starts. | d. | a protostar begins to cool. |
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12.
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The lifetime of a star depends on its
a. | temperature. | b. | brightness. | c. | mass. | d. | magnitude. |
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13.
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How are elliptical galaxies and spiral galaxies different?
a. | Elliptical galaxies have almost no gas or dust. | b. | Elliptical galaxies
vary more in shape than spiral galaxies. | c. | Spiral galaxies have almost no gas or
dust. | d. | Spiral galaxies contain only old stars. |
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14.
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One piece of evidence that supports the big bang theory is the observation that
most galaxies are moving
a. | toward our galaxy. | b. | toward each other. | c. | in random
directions. | d. | away from each other. |
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15.
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The solar system formed from
a. | an expanding galaxy. | b. | a giant cloud of gas and
dust. | c. | an enormous explosion. | d. | a black hole. |
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Short Answer
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Use the diagram to answer each question. 
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16.
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Using the figure, name a star that is very dim and red in color.
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17.
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Compare our sun to Alpha Centauri A in terms of color, brightness, and surface
temperature.
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18.
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State how Barnard’s star and Mira are similar.
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19.
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Name the stars on the diagram that are blue or blue-white.
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20.
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Describe three features of the star Deneb.
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21.
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Suppose you wanted to observe the star Aldebaran. What clues would you use to
help you identify it?
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Use the diagram to answer each question. 
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22.
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How does a neutron star form?
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23.
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What determines whether a star will form a black hole when it dies?
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24.
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What is a supernova?
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25.
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How does a star’s life begin?
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26.
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When a star begins to run out of fuel, what two types of stars can it
become?
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27.
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What happens to small and medium stars when they run out of fuel?
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