True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or
false.
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1.
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The kinetic-molecular theory assumes that the distance between the particles of
a gas is so large that there are no significant attractive or repulsive forces.
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2.
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When the molecules of gases are heated, the average kinetic energy of the
molecules increases.
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3.
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The rate of diffusion of NO  is greater than NH  .
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4.
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The intermolecular force between molecules of oxygen is dipole-dipole in
nature.
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5.
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The fact that ammonia is a gas while water is a liquid at room temperature
indicates the greater electronegativity of oxygen atoms compared to nitrogen atoms.
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6.
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If liquid A has more massive molecules than liquid B, liquid A has a higher
viscosity.
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7.
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The surface tension of water decreases when a detergent is added to it.
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8.
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A molecule in the interior of a liquid is affected equally in all directions by
intermolecular forces.
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9.
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The meniscus in a test tube of water demonstrates the equal effect
intermolecular forces have on all particles in a liquid.
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10.
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A crystalline solid of NaCl possesses a definite and regular geometry due to
definite and orderly arrangement of Na  and Cl  ions in three-dimensional space.
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11.
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Molecular solids are good conductors of heat and electricity because the
molecules are held together by ionic bonds.
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12.
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In metallic solids, a force of attraction exists between positively charged ions
and negatively charged ions.
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13.
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The amount of energy required to change the phase of a molecular substance such
as sucrose is greater than an ionic substance such as table salt.
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14.
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At 50°C temperature and 1.15 atm pressure, water exists in the vapor
phase.
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15.
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Carbon dioxide cannot be liquefied above the critical temperature, even when
high pressure is applied.
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16.
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According to the phase diagram of carbon dioxide, it is liquefied at critical
temperature and pressure.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the
statement or answers the question.
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17.
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A gas particle of mass 5.31 × 10  kg has a
velocity of 1.00  10 2 m/s. What is the kinetic energy of the
molecule? a. | 5.31 × 10 kg
m2/s2 | c. | 2.65 × 10 kg
m2/s2 | b. | 5.31 × 10 kg
m2/s2 | d. | 10.6 × 10 kg
m2/s2 |
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18.
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A mixture of oxygen, hydrogen, and water vapor has a total pressure of 684 mm
Hg. The partial pressure of oxygen is 380 mm Hg and that of hydrogen is 0.100 atm. What is the
partial pressure of water vapor?
a. | 304 mm Hg | c. | 684 mm Hg | b. | 228 mm Hg | d. | 690 mm Hg |
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19.
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Which of the following about an ice cube floating in a glass of water is
correct?
a. | The temperature of the ice cube increases. | b. | The temperature of
the ice cube decreases. | c. | The temperature of the ice cube remains
constant. | d. | The temperature of the ice cube will fluctuate. |
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Completion
Complete each statement.
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20.
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If the molar mass of ammonia is 17 g/mol, and that of hydrogen is 2 g/mol,
____________________ gas diffuses more slowly than ____________________ gas.
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21.
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A mixture consists of three gases, A, B, and C. The partial pressure of A is 5.1
Pa, of B is 1.5 Pa, and of C is 1.2 Pa. The total pressure of the mixture is ____________________
Pa.
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22.
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When a cellulose paper is dipped in water, the force existing between the
particles of the cellulose paper and the water particles is a(n) ____________________ force.
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23.
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The surface tension of water is greater than the surface tension of cooking oil
because the attractive forces between the molecules of cooking oil is ____________________ than the
attractive forces between the molecules of water.
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24.
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Paper towels can absorb water to a large extent because the ____________________
forces between the molecules of paper and water are greater than the ____________________ forces
among water molecules.
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25.
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The smallest, repetitive parts of crystals such as fluorite and corundum are
called ____________________.
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26.
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Crystal shapes differ based on the edge length and angle of intersection of
their ____________________.
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27.
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A human body controls its temperature by the method of
____________________.
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28.
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At boiling point, the ____________________ pressure over a liquid equals the
atmospheric pressure.
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29.
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During the deposition process by which atmospheric carbon dioxide undergoes a
phase change to form solid carbon dioxide, energy is ____________________.
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Short Answer
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30.
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Explain why water has a higher boiling point than methane even though they have
comparable molar masses.
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31.
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Describe the basic assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory of gases that
confirm the ideal behavior of gases.
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32.
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Explain the difference between diffusion and effusion.
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33.
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Water vapor and air inside an aluminum container are heated to a high
temperature. The container is then submerged in ice-cold water. Why does the aluminum container
collapse?
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34.
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Define the law that describes the partial pressures of gases present in a
mixture.
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35.
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Explain why the molecules of cooking oil are not held together as tightly as the
molecules of table salt.
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36.
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Why are the molecules of hydrogen chloride tightly bound to each other than the
molecules of sucrose?
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37.
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Explain how hydrogen bonds play a vital role for living beings to inhabit
Earth.
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38.
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Consider two compounds, A and B. The fluidity of compound A is greater than that
of compound B. Which compound has greater viscosity and why?
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39.
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Describe how table salt is different from rubber with respect to the arrangement
of molecules.
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40.
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During both evaporation and boiling, a liquid changes to a gas. How is the
boiling of liquid related to the evaporation process?
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41.
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Explain the reason behind the formation of dew on grass.
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Problem
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42.
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Hydrogen fluoride has a molar mass of 20.0 g/mol. Kr has a molar mass of 83.8
g/mol. What is the ratio of their diffusion rates?
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43.
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Hydrogen sulphide has a molar mass of 34 g/mol. Helium has a molar mass of 4
g/mol. What is the ratio of their diffusion rates? Which gas would spread throughout a chemistry lab
more quickly if equal volumes of each gas were released simultaneously and why?
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44.
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The ratio of the diffusion rates of two compounds, A and B, is 0.783. If the
molar mass of A is 44.0 g/mol, what is the molar mass of B?
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45.
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The molar mass of a gas X is 30.0 g/mol. If the ratio of the rate of diffusion
of this gas to that of Y, r  :r  , equals 1.63, what is the molar mass of
Y?
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46.
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The molar mass of a gas X is 17.0 g/mol. If the ratio of the rate of diffusion
of this gas to that of Y, r  :r  , equals 1.94, what is the molar mass of Y?
Also, identify X and Y.
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47.
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The molar mass of a gas X is 30.0 g/mol. If the velocity of its molecules at a
temperature is 157 m/s, what is the kinetic energy of the gas molecules?
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48.
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Hydrogen chloride and argon form a mixture at room temperature. The partial
pressure of hydrogen chloride is 1.2 atm and that of argon is 2.7 atm. What is the total pressure of
the mixture of the two gases?
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49.
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A mixture of helium and krypton are formed at room temperature. If the total
pressure of the mixture is 1.7 atm and the partial pressure of helium is 1.6 atm, what is the
pressure of krypton?
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